De færreste ved, hvornår de helt præcis skal herfra, og derfor får mange ikke oprettet testamente i tide. Foruden fordelene ved at sikre hinanden som ægtefæller og ugifte samlevende, kan der for dem, der har børn, være andre bestemmelser, som det kan være særligt fordelagtigt at gøre brug af, og som kan indskrives i selvsamme testamente. Testamentet regulerer nemlig ikke blot, hvordan arven skal fordeles, når den ene ægtefælle får bort, men også hvordan arven i sidste ende skal fordeles.
Uanset hvordan arven fordeles til børnene (el. andre), er der – hvis arvingerne er under 18 år, eller hvis arvingerne slet ikke er født endnu, en vis risiko for, at arvingerne kommer til at arve, mens de er 18 og og dermed umyndige.
Hvad sker der med arv til umyndige arvinger?
Hvis en arving er under 18 år, når denne arver, bliver arven som udgangspunkt indsat på en låst konto i barnets navn, og som barnet herefter får adgang til, når han/hun fylder 18 år. Om arven indsættes på en alm. bankkonto eller en særlig konto i en såkaldt ”forvaltningsenhed” afhænger af, hvor stor arven til den pågældende arving er. Uanset hvad frigives arven, når arvingen fylder 18 år.
Kan vi ændre dette udgangspunkt?
Du og din partner kan af forskellige grunde have et ønske om, at arvingen ikke får adgang til arven, allerede når denne fylder 18 år. I kan i testamentet bestemme, at arven først må frigives helt eller delvist, når arvingen er fyldt en bestemt alder, at en bestemt livsbegivenhed indtræffer, f.eks. bryllup eller huskøb, eller at arven kun må benyttes til bestemte formål. Dette kaldes ”båndlæggelse” og ses ofte anvendt i form af aldersbetingelse for udbetaling af arven.
Hvad kan man f.eks. bestemme?
I kan f.eks. bestemme, at hele arven først må udbetales, når arvingen fylder 21 år. I kan ligeledes vælge at opdele udbetalingen, så arvingen må få et bestemt beløb eller en bestemt procentsats frigivet, når denne fylder 18 år, mens resten først må udbetales på et senere tidspunkt.
Uanset hvad I bestemmer, gælder det dog, at mindst 25% af arven til en livsarving (børn), skal være frigives, når arvingen fylder 25 år. De resterende 75% kan i princippet bestemmes båndlagt så længe, som du ønsker det.
Hvilke begrænsninger gælder der i øvrigt for båndlæggelsen?
Der gælder dog en regel om, at hvis båndlæggelsen udelukkende er indsat for at chikanere arvingen, hvis arven ikke er af større værdi, eller hvis der ikke længere findes at være et egentligt formål med båndlæggelsen, så kan arvingen søge om at få arven frigivet, uanset din bestemmelse i testamentet.
Dermed ikke sagt, at du behøver indskrive i testamentet, hvorfor båndlæggelsen indsættes. Det er tilstrækkeligt, at det fremgår, at det er fordi, at du finder dette bedst for dine arvinger.
Ønsker du at oprette testamente med båndlæggelse, kan du f.eks. kontakte juristfirmaet Arvesikring.dk, som gerne hjælper dig med oprettelse af dit personlige testamente.
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